In spite of the fact that aflatoxins have rarely been detected in feeds and foods in Hungary, aflatoxigenic A. parasiticus strains were found in the soil of the regions Southern Great Plain and Southern Transdanubia and in a maize sample of the region Western Transdanubia. Aflatoxigenic Aspergillus strains were isolated from all the seven regions of Hungary. parasiticus strains were able to synthesize aflatoxins. Based on morphological characteristics and the sequence analysis of the partial calmodulin gene, all isolates proved to be Aspergillus flavus, except four strains, which were identified as Aspergillus parasiticus. Fungi belonging to Aspergillus section Flavi were isolated in the ratio of 26.9% and 42.3% from soil and maize samples in 2013, and these ratios decreased to 16.1% and 34.7% in 2014. Our aim was to screen the presence of aflatoxigenic fungi in maize fields throughout the seven geographic regions of Hungary.
SebÅ‘k, Flóra Dobolyi, Csaba Zágoni, Dóra Risa, Anita Krifaton, Csilla Hartman, Mátyás Cserháti, Mátyás Szoboszlay, Sándor Kriszt, Balázsĭue to the climate change, aflatoxigenic Aspergillus species and strains have appeared in several European countries, contaminating different agricultural commodities with aflatoxin. Thus, for the normal process of a circuit, this has to be kept LOW.Aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus strains in Hungarian maize fields. This pin can reset the counter and restart the counting from 0. Reset Pin: Pin 15 is a reset pin, normally it is at logic zero, when it gets one, the counter resets to zero.the clock pulse must not be noisy, otherwise counter may get increased more than once When there’s logic one, the clock input gets stopped, and the counter does nothing when the pulse arrives. Clock Enable Pin: Pin 13 is for the clock, when there’s logic zero, the clock gets enabled and the counter increases one count for every clock pulse.Input Voltage pin: Pin 16 is for the applied voltage from 3V to 15V,.Output Pins: from pin 1 to pin 7 and pin 9 to pin 11.Connect the output stage to the output pins, which are from pin 1 to 7 and pin 9 to 11. To make any circuit with this IC, give input power to pin 16 and ground pin number 8. Also, CD4017 is considered great for sequential counting patterns. Similarly, the counting can be increased more by cascading more and more ICs. For example, if the two IC get cascaded, it can count from 0 to 20. Remember, the counting can be increased by cascading the IC. The pulse on its input indicates it receives a low level throughout quiescent conditions. Therefore no external circuits are needed for that purpose. This buffer gate is inside the integrated circuit. So, in this article, we will discuss the features, pin layout, and applications of CD4017 IC.Īs we discussed that IC has ten outputs and each output of this IC includes a buffer and can easily drive an LED.
also, the IC is available at very affordable prices in the electronic market. The best part is that it takes very little space in the circuits or in the devices, which makes it more promising to use. That’s why this IC gets utilized in every industry including medical, electronics, automotive industry, etc. CD4017 is a CMOS decade divider or counter, having 10 output pins. It’s basically the IC that allows ten decoded outputs and enables to count from zero to ten. For the counting applications, CD4017 IC is considered one of the most reasonable ICs.